Local taxes › Hamilton County › Stratford

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Stratford

Hamilton County · How cities work

$3,100 a yearproperty tax on a $200,000 home here, FY27, for every local government ($36.77 per $1,000 of taxable value)1
$1,270 a yearof that goes to the city ($15.03 per $1,000)
$380,095property taxes the city levies, FY27
$1.0Mcity budget, FY27, without city-run utilities (not yet reported)2

Who runs it

The city council passes ordinances, adopts the budget and sets the city’s property tax.

  • Brian E. OuversonStratford Mayor · elected November 4, 2025
  • Catherine BergmanStratford City Council At-Large · elected November 4, 2025
  • Douglas D. TimmonsStratford City Council At-Large · elected November 4, 2025
  • Mark Alan ScottStratford City Council At-Large · elected November 4, 2025
  • Carol BergmanStratford City Council At-Large · elected November 7, 2023
  • Clark ConklinStratford City Council At-Large · elected November 7, 2023

Officials are worked out from election results: every member whose four-year term is still running, plus appointments and titles Iowa Funnel has been told about. A resignation may not show yet.

Meetings and agendas

What the council is deciding: each agenda, the resolutions and ordinances on it, and a plain-language summary.

Iowa Funnel doesn’t read this city’s agendas yet. Every council and board posts its agenda at least 24 hours before it meets.

Property taxes

How the bill is collected · What each levy is for

Who gets a property owner’s tax bill in Stratford

Homes and businesses in most of Stratford pay a combined $36.77 per $1,000 of taxable value (FY27). They pay it all to the Hamilton County treasurer, who passes each government its share; the city sets and gets only its own piece, $15.03. Estimate your bill.

Rates over time

Per $1,000 of taxable value: the typical combined rate people in Stratford pay, and the city government’s own piece of it.

YearCombinedCity’s own
FY20$35.65$13.99
FY21$34.74$13.27
FY22$35.64$13.13
FY23$35.45$13.06
FY24$39.18$16.90
FY25$37.75$15.42
FY26$38.49$16.14
FY27$36.77$15.03
Show the numbers
YearCombinedCity’s own
FY20$35.65$13.99
FY21$34.74$13.27
FY22$35.64$13.13
FY23$35.45$13.06
FY24$39.18$16.90
FY25$37.75$15.42
FY26$38.49$16.14
FY27$36.77$15.03

Compared with places this size3

Stratford’s city property tax rate of $15.03 per $1,000 is the 49th highest of 187 Iowa cities with 460–1,000 people. The middle of the group is $12.90.

Exira: $24.81Rolfe: $22.67Dayton: $22.51Charter Oak: $21.32Correctionville: $19.84Pomeroy: $19.60Allison: $19.06Dumont: $19.04Seymour: $18.78Dexter: $18.69Fonda: $18.52Kanawha: $18.11Swea City: $18.04Greene: $17.91Alden: $17.90Elma: $17.82Dows: $17.70New Hartford: $17.69Lansing: $17.67Walnut: $17.46Murray: $17.44Thompson: $17.25Gowrie: $17.17Colo: $17.14Latimer: $16.96Adair: $16.84Eddyville: $16.82Elk Horn: $16.78Oxford: $16.70Buffalo Center: $16.58Whittemore: $16.54Bancroft: $16.52Titonka: $16.45Eldon: $16.42Early: $16.35Truro: $16.34Mechanicsville: $16.12Scranton: $16.01Armstrong: $15.87Ruthven: $15.84Minden: $15.77Walker: $15.74Newell: $15.49Riceville: $15.31Neola: $15.30Russell: $15.18Gilbertville: $15.15Stanwood: $15.12Griswold: $15.01Zearing: $14.99Readlyn: $14.99Maynard: $14.85Wyoming: $14.81Humeston: $14.80Hopkinton: $14.79Essex: $14.76Gilmore City: $14.60Dunlap: $14.56Garnavillo: $14.52Maxwell: $14.50Sabula: $14.38Collins: $14.32Clermont: $14.30Moulton: $14.25Mcgregor: $14.20Olin: $14.19Primghar: $14.18Garwin: $14.08Farragut: $14.07Elgin: $14.05Lime Springs: $13.95Dow City: $13.94Ossian: $13.88Redfield: $13.73Victor: $13.72Edgewood: $13.64Sioux Rapids: $13.63Donnellson: $13.63Gladbrook: $13.58Rockford: $13.52Boyden: $13.39Baxter: $13.32Anita: $13.28Van Horne: $13.27Keota: $13.21Shellsburg: $13.20De Soto: $13.18Quasqueton: $13.12Farmington: $13.10Anthon: $13.05Odebolt: $13.00Coggon: $12.99Earlville: $12.90Brighton: $12.88Danville: $12.87Underwood: $12.85Montrose: $12.78Goldfield: $12.73Wellsburg: $12.68Delmar: $12.68Badger: $12.67Stanton: $12.62Hospers: $12.58Norway: $12.53Everly: $12.51Hazleton: $12.48West Point: $12.39Hinton: $12.38Preston: $12.38Alburnett: $12.30Hubbard: $12.30Moravia: $12.27Hedrick: $12.22Carson: $12.22Wheatland: $12.18Schaller: $12.14Winfield: $12.04Afton: $11.96Lowden: $11.93Tabor: $11.88Albert City: $11.88Aurelia: $11.84Runnells: $11.79Merrill: $11.64Ellsworth: $11.57Morning Sun: $11.50Battle Creek: $11.49Wall Lake: $11.43West Bend: $11.42Dakota City: $11.39Dunkerton: $11.30Sutherland: $11.25Arcadia: $11.23Whiting: $11.21Shelby: $11.17Blairstown: $11.04Manilla: $11.01Hamburg: $10.95Clarence: $10.94Ireton: $10.93Fontanelle: $10.88Richland: $10.82Grand Mound: $10.78Cambridge: $10.53Swisher: $10.39Schleswig: $10.39Melbourne: $10.38Radcliffe: $10.37Fredericksburg: $10.27Ventura: $10.22Inwood: $10.22Milo: $10.20Hartford: $10.16What Cheer: $10.01Newhall: $9.99Cumming: $9.85Graettinger: $9.81Breda: $9.80Doon: $9.78Long Grove: $9.59Paullina: $9.21Winthrop: $8.94Crescent: $8.72Ainsworth: $8.62Keosauqua: $8.58Grand Junction: $8.57Princeton: $8.24Gilman: $8.10Kellogg: $8.10Lakeside: $8.10Agency: $7.94Hills: $7.94Fremont: $7.86Larchwood: $7.52North English: $7.49Sully: $7.41Fruitland: $7.21Lawton: $7.10Wayland: $7.07Raymond: $6.85Keystone: $6.80Shueyville: $6.79New Virginia: $5.97University Park: $5.27Orleans: $4.13Okoboji: $3.83Stratford: $15.03$3.83 lowest$24.81 highestmiddle
See all 187
#PlaceRate per $1,000People
1Exira$24.81766
2Rolfe$22.67505
3Dayton$22.51766
4Charter Oak$21.32521
5Correctionville$19.84759
6Pomeroy$19.60511
7Allison$19.06937
8Dumont$19.04614
9Seymour$18.78646
10Dexter$18.69631
11Fonda$18.52636
12Kanawha$18.11638
13Swea City$18.04545
14Greene$17.91971
15Alden$17.90738
16Elma$17.82493
17Dows$17.70509
18New Hartford$17.69555
19Lansing$17.67959
20Walnut$17.46728
21Murray$17.44609
22Thompson$17.25478
23Gowrie$17.17943
24Colo$17.14856
25Latimer$16.96477
26Adair$16.84792
27Eddyville$16.82965
28Elk Horn$16.78631
29Oxford$16.70715
30Buffalo Center$16.58839
31Whittemore$16.54478
32Bancroft$16.52677
33Titonka$16.45491
34Eldon$16.42788
35Early$16.35571
36Truro$16.34515
37Mechanicsville$16.12974
38Scranton$16.01496
39Armstrong$15.87847
40Ruthven$15.84710
41Minden$15.77581
42Walker$15.74671
43Newell$15.49850
44Riceville$15.31807
45Neola$15.30917
46Russell$15.18475
47Gilbertville$15.15792
48Stanwood$15.12612
49Stratford$15.03688
50Griswold$15.01975
51Zearing$14.99508
52Readlyn$14.99857
53Maynard$14.85466
54Wyoming$14.81526
55Humeston$14.80472
56Hopkinton$14.79622
57Essex$14.76721
58Gilmore City$14.60484
59Dunlap$14.561,030
60Garnavillo$14.52751
61Maxwell$14.50862
62Sabula$14.38498
63Collins$14.32503
64Clermont$14.30571
65Moulton$14.25596
66Mcgregor$14.20725
67Olin$14.19652
68Primghar$14.18893
69Garwin$14.08469
70Farragut$14.07480
71Elgin$14.05676
72Lime Springs$13.95467
73Dow City$13.94477
74Ossian$13.88777
75Redfield$13.73719
76Victor$13.72852
77Edgewood$13.64908
78Sioux Rapids$13.63722
79Donnellson$13.63859
80Gladbrook$13.58775
81Rockford$13.52722
82Boyden$13.39694
83Baxter$13.32983
84Anita$13.28953
85Van Horne$13.27768
86Keota$13.21888
87Shellsburg$13.20987
88De Soto$13.18937
89Quasqueton$13.12587
90Farmington$13.10583
91Anthon$13.05534
92Odebolt$13.00967
93Coggon$12.99691
94Earlville$12.90713
95Brighton$12.88592
96Danville$12.87910
97Underwood$12.85973
98Montrose$12.78734
99Goldfield$12.73617
100Wellsburg$12.68709
101Delmar$12.68541
102Badger$12.67540
103Stanton$12.62664
104Hospers$12.58703
105Norway$12.53463
106Everly$12.51570
107Hazleton$12.48711
108West Point$12.39903
109Hinton$12.38959
110Preston$12.38940
111Alburnett$12.30672
112Hubbard$12.30837
113Moravia$12.27625
114Hedrick$12.22717
115Carson$12.22772
116Wheatland$12.18765
117Schaller$12.14702
118Winfield$12.041,006
119Afton$11.96864
120Lowden$11.93767
121Tabor$11.88983
122Albert City$11.88627
123Aurelia$11.84970
124Runnells$11.79467
125Merrill$11.64713
126Ellsworth$11.57495
127Morning Sun$11.50702
128Battle Creek$11.49683
129Wall Lake$11.43739
130West Bend$11.42770
131Dakota City$11.39764
132Dunkerton$11.30840
133Sutherland$11.25628
134Arcadia$11.23588
135Whiting$11.21725
136Shelby$11.17730
137Blairstown$11.04705
138Manilla$11.01756
139Hamburg$10.95863
140Clarence$10.94991
141Ireton$10.93571
142Fontanelle$10.88684
143Richland$10.82532
144Grand Mound$10.78608
145Cambridge$10.53844
146Swisher$10.39909
147Schleswig$10.39820
148Melbourne$10.38771
149Radcliffe$10.37540
150Fredericksburg$10.27983
151Ventura$10.22701
152Inwood$10.22962
153Milo$10.20762
154Hartford$10.16729
155What Cheer$10.01595
156Newhall$9.99887
157Cumming$9.85527
158Graettinger$9.81810
159Breda$9.80492
160Doon$9.78640
161Long Grove$9.59849
162Paullina$9.21979
163Winthrop$8.94814
164Crescent$8.72626
165Ainsworth$8.62511
166Keosauqua$8.58944
167Grand Junction$8.57715
168Princeton$8.24917
169Gilman$8.10530
170Kellogg$8.10597
171Lakeside$8.10695
172Agency$7.94623
173Hills$7.94911
174Fremont$7.86688
175Larchwood$7.52954
176North English$7.491,030
177Sully$7.41891
178Fruitland$7.21928
179Lawton$7.10949
180Wayland$7.07935
181Raymond$6.85754
182Keystone$6.80616
183Shueyville$6.79725
184New Virginia$5.97499
185University Park$5.27476
186Orleans$4.13503
187Okoboji$3.83729

The $8.10 limit

Stratford’s general levy is $7.81 per $1,000 of taxable value in FY27, $0.29 below the limit.4 691 of 934 Iowa cities have a higher general levy. All cities.

FY23 $8.10 · FY24 $8.10 · FY25 $8.13 · FY26 $8.05 · FY27 $7.81 (before FY25, the general levy alone)

Outside the limit: $7.21 more5

  • Debt Service Levy$3.52 · $91,944
  • Liability, property & self insurance costs$2.05 · $50,694
  • Total Employee Benefit Levies$1.64 · $40,595

Tax increment financing (TIF)

$1.4M of taxable value in Stratford is in TIF districts’ increment (5% of the city’s taxable value), 2025 valuations, taxed in FY27.6 It budgeted $42,000 in TIF revenue for FY25.

$48,639
$44,346

What that value would raise at each government’s rate, FY277

Taxes on TIF value go to the city’s TIF fund instead of the governments that levy them, including about $16,460 of the city’s own.

  • Stratford schools$14,157
  • Hamilton County$8,165
YearTIF revenue
FY18$48,639
FY19$46,880
FY20$46,511
FY21$44,352
FY22$46,554
FY23$44,346
Show the numbers
YearTIF revenue
FY18$48,639
FY19$46,880
FY20$46,511
FY21$44,352
FY22$46,554
FY23$44,346

The city’s levies, FY27

What the city raises from each levy. The general levy is capped by state law; the others are set aside for one purpose.

  • Consolidate General Fund$192,97151%
  • Debt Service Levy$91,94424%
  • Liability, property & self insurance costs$50,69413%
  • Total Employee Benefit Levies$40,59511%

Budget and spending

Reading a local budget

Where each dollar of Stratford’s budget goes, FY26

Business Type / Enterprise: 61¢ of every dollar61¢Public Safety: 11¢ of every dollar11¢Culture and Recreation: 8¢ of every dollar8¢Public Works: 8¢ of every dollar8¢Debt Service: 6¢ of every dollarEverything else: 6¢ of every dollar

Planned spending from all funds, including city-run utilities like water and sewer (“business type”), which some cities run and others don’t. Transfers between funds are left out. “Cities this size” is the average for the 186 Iowa cities closest in size (460–1,000 people).

Where it goesOf each dollarCities this size (186)
Business Type / Enterprise61¢41¢
Public Safety11¢9¢
Culture and Recreation8¢9¢
Public Works8¢17¢
Debt Service6¢6¢
Everything else6¢12¢

Planned spending, FY27

All funds: property taxes, utility and other fees, state and federal money. “Business type” is city-run utilities and enterprises like water or sewer.

  • Public Safety$495,00048%
  • Culture and Recreation$174,80917%
  • Public Works$148,50015%
  • Debt Service$99,50010%
  • General Government$87,8759%
  • Community and Economic Development$11,8001%
  • Health and Social Services$4,9650%

The state’s FY27 file doesn’t include business type / enterprise yet ($1.0M in FY26), so this total is low.

Budget compared with what it spent, FY23
FunctionBudgetSpent
Public Works$144,175$29,342
Public Safety$464,675$381,196
Health and Social Services$5,175$1,932
General Government$65,125$66,031
Debt Service$70,695$77,255
Culture and Recreation$123,273$112,705
Community and Economic Development$20,300$21,965
Capital Projects$0$391,603
Business Type / Enterprise$1.0M$1.2M

What it spent each year

FY24 left out8

$2.3M
$1.8M

Debt, reserves and audits

How local debt works · What an audit tells you

What Stratford owes

$554,205 at June 30, 2026: $784 per resident. 591st most per resident of 939 Iowa places of its kind (the list).9

$1.0M
$554,205
June 30OwedPer resident
2026$554,205$784
2025$657,878$931
2024$738,550$1,045
2023$863,691$1,222
2022$693,364$981
2021$772,037$1,092
2020$852,698$1,206
2019$933,053$1,320
2018$1.0M$1,432
2017$1.0M$1,470
2016$601,000$850
2015$638,000$902
2014$674,000$953
2013$735,000$1,040
2012$450,000$636
2011$749,091$1,060
2010$849,000$1,201
Show the numbers
June 30OwedPer resident
2026$554,205$784
2025$657,878$931
2024$738,550$1,045
2023$863,691$1,222
2022$693,364$981
2021$772,037$1,092
2020$852,698$1,206
2019$933,053$1,320
2018$1.0M$1,432
2017$1.0M$1,470
2016$601,000$850
2015$638,000$902
2014$674,000$953
2013$735,000$1,040
2012$450,000$636
2011$749,091$1,060
2010$849,000$1,201

Down 35% since 2010.

The 5% limit10

General obligation debt is $452,532, 20% of the limit of about $2.3M (5% of $45.2M, the full value of its taxable property in 2024).

5 obligations at June 30, 2026
KindForPaid off byOwed
General ObligationGENERAL OBLIGATION FUNDED BY TAX INCREMENT FINANCING FOR PAVING OF COMMERCIAL STREET2030$200,000
General Obligation2022 AVON/DRYDEN WATERMAIN2032$192,532
Revenue BondsCONSTRUCTION OF NEW WATER PLANT2030$98,000
General Obligation2013 WATER MAIN CONSTRUCTION2028$60,000
LoansINTERNAL ADVANCE FOR URBAN RENEWAL2027$3,673

General obligation bonds are repaid from property taxes; revenue bonds and loans from the fees or revenue they’re tied to. On the Treasurer’s site

Money in reserve

The state’s budget files don’t include cities’ fund balances11. Stratford’s latest audit has them: Financial Statement, period ending Sunday, June 30, 2024 (PDF).

Audits12

The latest: Financial Statement for the period ending Sunday, June 30, 2024 (PDF), released Monday, October 19, 2026, by a CPA firm.

AI summary13

  • The auditors found that the same employees handle too many different financial steps, such as processing cash, preparing checks, and reconciling bank statements, which increases the risk of errors or theft.
  • The city also lacks a formal system or the necessary expertise to prepare its official financial statements and required footnotes.
  • The city will continue to use oversight from existing staff and provide financial reports to the council to help manage these risks, and will continue to evaluate the cost of meeting all reporting requirements.
The findings, as the report states them
Schedule of Findings Year ended June 30, 2024Part 1: Findings Related to the Financial Statements:INSTANCES OF NON-COMPLIANCE:No matters were noted.INTERNAL CONTROL DEFICIENCIES:2024-00 I Segregation of Duties Criteria - Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal control. A good system of internal control provides for adequate segregation of duties so no one individual handles a transaction from its inception to completion. In order to maintain proper internal control, duties should be segregated so the authorization, custody and recording of transactions are not under the control of the same employee. This segregation of duties helps prevent losses from employee error or dishonesty and maximizes the accuracy of the City's financial statements. Condition - Various duties such as recording and processing cash receipts, preparing checks and bank reconciliations, preparing and posting general journal entries, preparation of journals and general financial information for ledger posting, and the analysis of financial information may be prepared by the same person. Cause- The City has a limited number of employees and procedures have not been designed to adequately segregate duties or provide compensating controls through additional oversight of transactions and processes. Effect- Inadequate segregation of duties could adversely affect the City's ability to prevent or detect and correct misstatements, errors or misappropriation on a timely basis by employees in the normal course of performing their assigned functions. Recommendation - We realize segregation of duties is difficult with a limited number of office employees. However, the City should review its procedures to obtain the maximum internal control possible under the circumstances utilizing currently available staff, including elected officials. 51 ### Page 57 City of Stratford, Iowa Schedule of FindingsYear ended June 30, 2024Response - We will continue to perform compensating controls among existing personnel to help make up for the absence of true segregation of duties. We will also continue to provide the council copies of financial reports. Conclusion - Response accepted.2024-002 Preparation of Financial Statements Criteria - Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal controls over financial reporting and procedures related to the fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with the cash basis of accounting. Condition -The City does not have an internal control system designed to provide the preparation of the financial statements, including the accompanying footnotes, as required by generally accepted accounting principles. Cause - The staff has not obtained the expertise necessary to prepare the financial statements, including the accompanying footnotes. Effect - The audit finn was requested to draft the financial statements and accompanying notes to the financial statements, which is not unusual in an organization of your size. Recommendation - We realize that obtaining the expertise necessary to prepare the financial statements, including all necessary disclosures, in accordance with generally accepted acco)lnting principles can be considered costly and ineffective. However, it is the responsibility of the City's management and those charged with governance to make the decision whether to accept the degree of risk associated with this condition because of cost or other considerations. Response - Management feels that committing the resources necessary to remain current on GASB reporting requirements and corresponding footnote disclosures would lack benefit in relation to the cost but will continue evaluating on a going forward basis. Conclusion- Response accepted. 52 ### Page 58 City of Stratford, Iowa Schedule of FindingsYear ended June 30, 2024Part II: Other Findings Related to Required Statutory Reporting:2024-A Certified Budget - Disbursements during the year ended June 30, 2024, did not exceeded the amounts budgeted. 2024-B Questionable Disbursements - No disbursements were noted that may not meet the requirements of public purpose as defined in an Attorney General's opinion dated April 25, 1979. 2024-C Travel Expense- No disbursements of City money for travel expenses of spouses of City officials or employees were noted. 2024-D Business Transactions - No business transactions between the City and City officials were noted. 2024-E Restricted Donor Activity - No transactions were noted between the City, City officials, City employees and restricted donors in compliance with Chapter 68B of the Code oflowa. 2024-F Bond Coverage - Surety bond coverage of City officials and employees is in accordance with statutory provisions. The amount of coverage is reviewed annually to ensure that the coverage is adequate for current operations. 2024-G Council Minutes - No transactions were found that we believe should have been approved in the City Council minutes but were not. 2024-H Deposits and Investments - No instances of non-compliance with the deposit and investment provisions of Chapter 12B and 12C of the Code oflowa and the City's investment policy were noted. 2024-I Revenue Bonds and Notes- No instances of non-compliance with the revenue note resolutions were noted. 2024-J Annual Urban Renewal Report - The Annual Urban Renewal Report was properly approved and certified to the Iowa Department of Management on or before December 1 and no exceptions were noted. 53
8 earlier reports for Stratford

State money

What the State of Iowa pays the city each year, and whether it has kept up with prices. Does state money keep pace? 14

What the state pays the city every year

Road Use Tax for streets, the commercial and industrial tax “backfill”, and ambulance reimbursement, paid every year by formula: $100,408 in FY25, up 5% since FY19 while prices rose 25%, so it buys 17% less. Grants are below.

Show the numbers
SourceFY22FY23FY24FY25
Road Use Tax (streets)$98,629$97,291$99,866$100,408

Grants and project money

State grants and money for specific projects (roads, development, natural resources) vary with what the city applies for and wins, so they aren’t counted as the state’s regular support.

$78,722
  • State grants$78,722100%
YearGrants and projects
FY19$9,115
FY20$6,322
FY21$5,575
FY22$2,744
FY23$4,801
FY24$4,115
FY25$78,722
Show the numbers
YearGrants and projects
FY19$9,115
FY20$6,322
FY21$5,575
FY22$2,744
FY23$4,801
FY24$4,115
FY25$78,722

Has it kept up with prices?

Each source from FY19 to FY25, after inflation.

  • Road Use Tax (streets)−17%$95,995 → $100,408, up 5% since FY19 while prices rose 25%, so it buys 17% less

Collected by the state for the city

The local option sales tax is a city tax voters approved; the state collects it with the state sales tax and sends it back. It isn’t state aid. It’s up 37% since FY19 while prices rose 25%, so it buys 9% more.

$107,161
$97,625

Federal grants, for comparison: $238,166 in FY25.

Business awards

Every award statewide

Elections

Running for mayor and city council

Filing opens Monday, August 23, 2027: in 284 days.

For the Tuesday, November 2, 2027 election, candidates file Monday, August 23, 2027 to Thursday, September 16, 2027 with the county auditor (or the city clerk, if the auditor names the clerk to take them)15.

In a city that can hold a primary, filing runs Monday, August 9, 2027 to Thursday, August 26, 2027.

Most recent: November 4, 2025

City · 2

3 seats: the top 3 win.

Local races from civicAPI and county auditors for Stratford; official results are on each county auditor’s site.

Who has filed for Tuesday, November 2, 2027

Filing hasn’t opened. These seats are expected on the ballot.

  • Stratford City Council At-Large (2 seats)
    Now held by Clark Conklin, Carol Bergman
  • Stratford Mayor To Fill a Vacancy
    Now held by Brian E. Ouverson

Candidates as county auditors and civicAPI list them; a filing can take a few days to appear here16.

Past ballot measures

None found since 2022.

When a measure can be on the ballot

  • Tuesday, March 2, 2027 · no bond or debt questions
  • Tuesday, September 14, 2027 · no bond or debt questions
  • Tuesday, November 2, 2027 · any question, including bonds
  • Tuesday, March 7, 2028 · no bond or debt questions

Bonds and other borrowing can only go on the November ballot17.

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