Relating to assisted reproduction and providing penalties

Topics:Crime & corrections Health care Reproductive rights

Same legislation: HF 2160, SF 2169

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Where it is now

Done: IntroducedJanuary 11, 2022
Done: SubcommitteeJanuary 12, 2022
Done: House committeeJanuary 26, 2022
Skipped: Passes the HouseContinued as HF 2160
Next: Senate committee
Next: Passes the Senate
Next: To the Governor
Next: Signed into law

Became HF 2160 → Its progress continues under the new number. Go to HF 2160 What’s a funnel?

What’s in it

AI summary Healthcare workers would face new criminal charges if they implant their own reproductive material into a patient during assisted reproduction without that person's written permission. This crime is classified as an aggravated misdemeanor that can lead to jail time and fines. Licensed professionals who commit this act could also lose their medical licenses.¹

Read the official explanation

This bill relates to assisted reproduction. The bill creates the crime of sexual abuse in the fourth degree. A health care professional commits sexual abuse in the fourth degree when the health care professional implants the health care professional’s own human reproductive material through assisted reproduction without the patient’s prior knowledge and written consent. Sexual abuse in the fourth degree is an aggravated misdemeanor. An aggravated misdemeanor is punishable by confinement for no more than two years and a fine of at least $855 but not more than $8,540. Additionally, a health care professional licensed to practice a profession subject to Code chapter 147 who is guilty of committing sexual abuse in the fourth degree as created in the bill is subject to licensure revocation or suspension, or other licensee discipline by the appropriate board for that profession.

Changed since by amendments H-8223, S-5036, S-5035, H-8123; see Amendments.

Full bill text²

House subcommittee

Named January 12, 2022. On January 19, 2022 it recommended passage. Vote Total: 3-0.

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Fiscal note

AI summary This bill creates the Fraud in Assisted Reproduction Act, which establishes new criminal offenses and penalties for health care professionals regarding assisted reproduction procedures and the use of reproductive material. The fiscal impact to the state's General Fund, including costs for the Judicial Branch, the Indigent Defense Fund, and the Department of Corrections, cannot be estimated due to a lack of existing conviction data.³

Read the fiscal note

amendment S-5113

Description

House File 2160 as amended by Senate amendment H-8123 as amended by House amendment S-5113 creates the Fraud in Assisted Reproduction Act. The Bill as amended prohibits the following:

A person from engaging in a practice or act the person knows or reasonably should have known provides false information to a patient related to an assisted reproduction procedure or treatment. Violation of this provision is punishable as a Class D felony.
A physician or health facility from using or providing a patient with human reproductive material for assisted reproduction other than that to which the patient expressly consented in writing, or with human reproductive material for assisted reproduction that is not provided with the donor’s consent or in a manner other than that to which the donor consented. Violation of this provision is punishable as a Class C felony.

A person or health facility that violates these provisions is subject to license, permit, or certification revocation.

The Bill as amended provides that an action brought pursuant to these provisions is not subject to a statute of limitations.

The Bill as amended also creates the crime of sexual abuse in the fourth degree under Iowa Code chapter 709 and provides penalties. A health care professional commits sexual abuse in the fourth degree when the health care professional implants the health care professional’s own human reproductive material through assisted reproduction without the patient’s prior knowledge and written consent. Sexual abuse in the fourth degree is punishable as an aggravated misdemeanor. A person who violates this provision of the Bill as amended is a Tier III sex offender and is subject to license discipline.

Background

An aggravated misdemeanor is punishable by up to two years in prison and a fine of at least $855 but not more than $8,540. A Class D felony is punishable by up to five years in prison and a fine of at least $1,025 but not more than $10,245. A Class C felony is punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a fine of at least $1,370 but not more than $13,660. Registration as a Tier III sex offender requires an offender to report in person to verify the offender’s registration information every three months.

Assumptions

The following will not change over the projection period: charge, conviction, and sentencing patterns and trends; prisoner length of stay (LOS); revocation rates; plea bargaining; and other criminal justice system policies and practices.
A lag effect of six months is assumed from the effective date of this Bill to the date of first entry of affected offenders into the correctional system.
Marginal costs for county jails cannot be estimated due to a lack of data. For purposes of this analysis, the marginal cost for county jails is assumed to be $50 per day.

Correctional Impact

House File 2160 as amended establishes new criminal offenses and applies specifically to health care professionals. The correctional impact cannot be estimated for the Bill as amended due to a lack of existing conviction data. Table 1 below shows estimates for sentencing to State prison, parole, probation, or community-based corrections (CBC) residential facilities; LOS under those supervisions; and supervision marginal costs per day for all convictions of Class C felonies against persons, Class D felonies against persons, and aggravated misdemeanors for sex offenses. Refer to the Legislative Services Agency (LSA) memo addressed to the General Assembly, Cost Estimates Used for Correctional Impact Statements, dated January 18, 2022, for information related to the correctional system.

Table 1 — Sentencing Estimates and Length of Stay (LOS)

Minority Impact

House File 2160 as amended establishes new criminal offenses. As a result, the Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning Division of the Department of Human Rights cannot use prior existing data to estimate the minority impact of HF 2160 as amended. Refer to the LSA memo addressed to the General Assembly, Minority Impact Statement, dated January 18, 2022, for information related to minorities in the criminal justice system.

Fiscal Impact

House File 2160 as amended establishes new criminal offenses and applies specifically to health care professionals, and the fiscal impact cannot be estimated due to a lack of existing conviction data. The average State cost per offense for an aggravated misdemeanor ranges from $4,900 to $9,500. The average State cost per offense for a Class D felony ranges from $9,100 to $16,600. The average State cost per offense for a Class C felony ranges from $11,100 to $22,100. The estimated impact to the State General Fund includes operating costs incurred by the Judicial Branch, the Indigent Defense Fund, and the Department of Corrections. The cost would be incurred across multiple fiscal years for prison and parole supervision.